Critical Windows When Experience Shapes the Brain
Pat Levitt, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Simms/Mann Chair in Developmental Neurogenetics, received a $3.7M grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to study development of neural circuits.
“Our laboratory investigates how the wiring of the brain that underlies cognition and social and emotional behavior is built over time,” says Dr. Levitt. “We want to determine the genetic factors that interact with early experiences to influence how these brain circuits develop.”
Early brain development is driven largely by genetic information. But as circuits form, there are specific periods of time during which the forming connections are plastic: experience and environmental factors modify the brain’s synapses – the connections between neurons – and shape their maturation. Although neuroscientists know that these windows exist, the mechanisms that control when these critical periods occur are a mystery. A better understanding will lay the groundwork for studies that can use experience and other ingredients of development to promote healthy brain circuit formation and function.
Dr. Levitt’s team discovered that a gene for a protein called the MET receptor functions in the developing brain to control the timing of when specific synapses mature. The new funding will allow the research team to determine the brain cells that are dependent upon proper function of MET to form healthy connections. His team will use advanced genetic tools to manipulate MET timing in preclinical models and determine how windows of optimal plasticity for learning and other behaviors can be controlled during development.
These studies continue with collaborators Kathie Eagleson, PhD, Associate Professor of Research in Pediatrics at CHLA and Keck School of Medicine, and Shenfeng Qiu, PhD, Associate Professor, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix.
About Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Children's Hospital Los Angeles has been ranked the top children's hospital in California and sixth in the nation for clinical excellence by the prestigious U.S. News & World Report Honor Roll. The Saban Research Institute at CHLA is one of the largest and most productive pediatric research facilities in the United States. CHLA also is one of America's premier teaching hospitals through its affiliation since 1932 with the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California. For more, visit CHLA.org, the child health blog and the research blog.
